Leadership and management are two terms that many people do not differentiate between. However, the two terms are not equal and have distinct meanings. Not all managers are leaders, and not all leaders are managers. Abraham Zaleznik stated four major distinctions between leaders and managers as discussed below.

1. Manager versus leader personality. Managers tend to emphasize control and rationality in their personality. Therefore, managers are mainly problem solvers. In this case, leadership is a realistic effort to regulate affairs and fulfill tasks. A manager needs many people to operate efficiently and effectively at various levels of responsibility and status. Therefore, to become a manager one has to be persistent, tough-minded, hardworking and intelligent, with analytical ability, with goodwill and tolerance. Another conception of leaderships is that it is associated with a psychodrama, whereby a leader must control himself/herself before controlling other people in the organization.
2. Attitudes towards aims. Managers seem to assume impersonal attitudes towards the set objectives. Managerial objectives rise from necessities instead of desires. On the other hand, leaders develop personal and active attitude towards goals. They are more proactive than reactive; they shape concepts instead of answering to them.
3. Conceptions of work. Unlike leaders, managers perceive work as an empowering process including an amalgamation of persons and interaction of ideas to make decisions and establish strategies. Whenever there is a controversy or opposition, managers act tactically; they bargain and negotiate. Conversely, they use punishment, rewards and other coercion forms. On the other hand, leaders function in the opposite direction. They tend to develop new approaches for long-standing troubles.
4. Relating with other people. Managers are comfortable working with other people. However, they avoid solitary activities since it makes them apprehensive. They relate to people concurring to the role they play in the decision-making process. In contrast, leaders are more involved with ideas. They correlate in more empathic and intuitive ways. Managers tend to view human relations as a conversion: how to make a win-lose state be a win-win one, because they tend to be more concerned with decision-making processes, unlike leaders. Alicia Powell enjoys cookery and blogging. She is a writer at https://essayelites.com/ This company takes pride in providing the best custom paper writing service. Alicia ready to help with completing challenging writing tasks.